腰椎间盘突出症动物模型的研究进展

近年来,腰椎间盘突出症发病率逐渐增高,由于动物模型对于阐明疾病发病机制及评估新的治疗方法具有重要作用,越来越多的学者开始研究如何建立合适的、能够更好地模拟人类腰椎间盘突出的动物模型。近期的研究多选用包括大鼠、兔、羊、猪等动物作为实验对象,通过物理或化学方式直接损伤其椎间盘或神经根,或通过限制实验动物的行为动作、改变其饲养环境以及性别年龄导致的生理因素等方式诱导其出现椎间盘退变。各种造模方法均有其特点及局限性,适用于不同情况,有必要继续完善。     

The extracellular matrix enriched with membrane metalloendopeptidase and insulin‐degrading enzyme suppresses the deposition of amyloid‐beta peptide in Alzheimer's disease cell models

Amyloid plaque is a typical feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is one of the targets for AD therapy. Membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME) and insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) are two types of proteases that could cleave beta‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides generated by neuron cells of AD patients. Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in regulating tissue‐specific functions and is an ideal biomaterial for tissue repair. In this study, we extracted the liquid ECM enriched with collagen‐binding‐domain‐fused IDE or MME from human foreskin fibroblast cells. We found that these ECM biomaterials reduced the aggregation of Aβ peptides, prevented the formation of amyloid plaques, and also suppressed phosphorylation of Tau protein in AD cell models. Overall, our research provides a novel ECM biomaterial that can be potentially used for AD therapy.     

Logistic模型和ROC曲线对磷酸钠盐致电解质紊乱的预测分析

目的：应用Logistic模型和ROC曲线探讨磷酸钠盐口服溶液致电解质紊乱的相关危险因素，并进行风险预测。方法：采用回顾性、观察性的研究方法收集使用磷酸钠盐口服溶液患者的病历资料，分析致电解质紊乱的危险因素，建立Logistic模型，绘制风险因素的ROC曲线。结果：共纳入294例（男183例，女111例）患者，78例（占26.5%）患者出现电解质紊乱，其中低钾血症有34例（占11.6%），高氯血症有29例（占9.9%），低钾高氯血症有7例（占2.4%），低钠血症有4例（占1.4%），低钠低氯血症有3例（占1.0%），低钠低氯低钾血症有1例（占0.34%）。单因素方差分析显示年龄、SCr、Ccr 3项指标的差异具有显著性，进一步多因素Logistic模型分析显示CCr分级是发生电解质紊乱的独立危险因素。根据Logistic模型分析结果，用CCr分级构建ROC曲线，曲线下面积0.816。CCr< 60 mL·min^-1时，患者更易发生电解质紊乱，提示CCr是发生电解质紊乱的危险因素。结论：临床医师可根据患者CCr情况选择合适的肠道清洁药物。     

Utility of food pellets containing 1-aminobenzotriazole for longer term in vivo inhibition of cytochrome P450 in mice

1. The utility of 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), incorporated in food, has been investigated as an approach for longer term inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes in mice.

2. In rats, ABT inhibits gastric emptying, to investigate this potential limitation in mice we examined the effect of ABT administration on the oral absorption of NVS-CRF38. Two hour prior oral treatment with 100?mg/kg ABT inhibited the oral absorption of NVS-CRF38, T_max was 4?hours for ABT-treated mice compared to 0.5?hours in the control group.

3. A marked inhibition of hepatic P450 activity was observed in mice fed with ABT containing food pellets for 1?month. P450 activity, as measured by the oral clearance of antipyrine, was inhibited on day 3 (88% of control), week 2 (83% of control) and week 4 (80% of control).

4. T_max values for antipyrine were comparable between ABT-treated mice and the control group, alleviating concerns about impaired gastric function.

5. Inclusion of ABT in food provides a minimally invasive and convenient approach to achieve longer term inhibition of P450 activity in mice. This model has the potential to enable pharmacological proof-of-concept studies for research compounds which are extensively metabolised by P450 enzymes.     

师承教育在医教协同创新中医人才培养中的作用

中医师承教育是当今社会中医传承的主要方式,其培养了大量的中医优秀人才,促进中医药文化和中医学术思想传播,是现代中医药发展不可缺少的组成部分。但近代以来,人们脑海中逐渐形成了以西方医学为体系的思维模式时,中医学教育该如何的发展与传承。针对这一现象,我们分析了现代院校教育与师承教育的特点,阐述师承教育在现代中医人才培养中的作用,以期探讨高等中医药院校教育改革的模式。     

FGF13 promotes metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 10–20% of all human ductal adenocarcinomas and has a poor prognosis relative to other subtypes, due to the high propensity to develop distant metastases. Hence, new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention are needed for TNBC. We recently conducted a rigorous phenotypic and genomic characterization of four isogenic populations of MDA-MB-231 human triple-negative breast cancer cells that possess a range of intrinsic spontaneous metastatic capacities in vivo, ranging from nonmetastatic (MDA-MB-231_ATCC) to highly metastatic to lung, liver, spleen and spine (MDA-MB-231_HM). Gene expression profiling of primary tumours by RNA-Seq identified the fibroblast growth factor homologous factor, FGF13, as highly upregulated in aggressively metastatic MDA-MB-231_HM tumours. Clinically, higher FGF13 mRNA expression was associated with significantly worse relapse free survival in both luminal A and basal-like human breast cancers but was not associated with other clinical variables and was not upregulated in primary tumours relative to normal mammary gland. Stable FGF13 depletion restricted in vitro colony forming ability in MDA-MB-231_HM TNBC cells but not in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF-7 or MDA-MB-361 cells. However, despite augmenting MDA-MB-231_HM cell migration and invasion in vitro, FGF13 suppression almost completely blocked the spontaneous metastasis of MDA-MB-231_HM orthotopic xenografts to both lung and liver while having negligible impact on primary tumour growth. Together, these data indicate that FGF13 may represent a therapeutic target for blocking metastatic outgrowth of certain TNBCs. Further evaluation of the roles of individual FGF13 protein isoforms in progression of the different subtypes of breast cancer is warranted.     

3D打印技术联合CBL教学法在骨科教学中的价值

目的对骨科临床教学中应用3D打印技术联合CBL教学法的临床实际应用价值进行研究分析。方法择取2018年4月—2019年4月间在我院骨科的实习生共80例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法,将所有实习生分为观察组(40人)、对照组(40人);对照组应用常规教具联合CBL教学法,观察组应用3D打印技术联合CBL教学法,对比两组实习生的教学效果以及对教学活动的满意度。结果在理论知识以及临床操作方面,观察组实习同学成绩高于对照组(P<0.05);在对教学满意度方面,观察组实习同学高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论在骨科临床教学中,应用3D打印技术联合CBL教学法具有显著临床教学效果,学生的理论知识以及临床操作成绩更为优异,对教学满意度更高。